Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 66

Marketing - Essay Example Cokin’s opinion in the article, asserts that, through analytics young people can engage in technology, focus on their careers and solve problems all at the same time. A good example of analytics is examining sports and survey polls statistics (Cokins 1). Cokins continues to write on how technology has distant the young generation from traditional socialization. In essence, the identities of young people are changing to the worst because face-to-face contact is on the decline (Cokins 2). The ultimate message in Cokins letter to young, future employees is to focus information technologies, as analysts in solving problems. As analysts, young people will propel business and commerce through applying social media. Social media are important in that they provide fast, efficient and effective learning methods. Additionally, Cokins concurs that, LinkedIn, as a social media is important because of its ability of availing a network of professional contacts. If the young generation appreciates analytics, then they are bound to learn various ways of making decisions, which are fact-based. The above is derived from individuals with analytical skills (Cokins

Case analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case analysis - Assignment Example Hence a negative effect could be witnessed. "Where there is a will, there is a way". Macy's can definitely recover from this downward trend. It is the effective management practices that play a vital role. A firm's performance solely depends on the strategies followed by the management. Nothing is permanent in the world except the word itself. Failures are the stepping stones for success. They are cyclic process. If a firm is not moving well today then it does not mean that till the end the same trend will continue. Innovations and initiatives will make a difference. So, planned first order and second order changes should be made. Hence the downward spiral for the departmental stores will not continue. 5. STEPS TO INCREASE SALES AND CUSTOMER TRAFFIC Higher the customer satisfaction, greater is the profit. Some of the steps include: Perform market research through the firm's market intelligence team to know about the customer's attitude, tastes and preferences. Find out the prospects and set the store there. Get frequent feedback from the customers. Develop a good rapport with the employees and keep them motivated and satisfied. Deliver good quality products, services and offers to customers. Today the people are quality conscious and not cost conscious. Provide training to the employees. Develop a standard mission and vision for the organization. Plan the strategies perfectly and convey it clearly to the employees. Make changes only if is really needed and seek the aid of the change agent. Make planned changes and not unplanned changes. Make both first and second order changes carefully. Make it only if there is a real need for it. Adopt strong marketing techniques. If the customers are satisfied then word of mouth would be effective. Maintain a good reserves and surplus level. Adopt either focus or differentiation strategy. Develop a strong competitive advantage. References http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/07/business/07macys.htmlscp=1&sq=macy%27s&st=nyt http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2004168802_macys07.html http://www.politicalgateway.com/news/read/129108 http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Business/2008/02/06/macys_may_consolidate_office_staff/5199/

Equity and Trusts Problem Questions

Equity and Trusts Problem Questions The first step we should attend to briefly is to define what a trust is. Simply put, a trust is a relationship under the law of equity[1] that arises when one person (the settlor) vests the legal title in another person (the trustee) for the benefit of a third-party called a beneficiary. The trustee holds the legal title and the beneficiary-(ies) possess the equitable title and as such the trustee owes them a duty to carry out the duties as defined by the settlor[2]. The most basic species of trust is an express private trust; this is a â€Å"trust which is declared intentionally by the settlor†[3]. There is no fixed mechanism or form of words for creating such a trust because â€Å"equity looks to intent rather than the form†[4]; see Paul-v-Constance[5]. Hudson (p.72) speaks of â€Å"exposing† a trust which demonstrates that it exists by law and is not created by the courts retrospectively. Express trusts can be established during the life of the settlor or as i n this case, via instructions placed in their will.[6] There are two basic sets of requirements for valid trusts; the first is that there needs to be three basic certainties as per Knight-v-Knight[7]; defined as certainty of intention, subject matter and object – if any one fails then there is no trust. The first of these requires that there was a certainty of intention by the purported settlor â€Å"that the person receiving the property is under a mandatory legal obligation to carry out the wishes of the settlor†[8]. Secondly and only logically, it must be certain what the subject of the trust is i.e. the property. Finally, there must be certainty of object i.e. there needs to be someone with equitable ownership to enforce the trust, see Re Endacott[9]. The second basic requirement is that the trust must be constituted i.e. the legal title must pass to the trustee(s). This should not be an issue here because as executors Edward and Sandra would have already acquired legal title of all Alice’s estate[10]. DISPOSITION A Alice’s disposition is potentially void as a trust due, firstly to uncertainty of intention; the disposition does not suggest Alice intends to impose a legal obligation on Edward to carry out her wishes. Rather it potentially suggests she was imposing on him a â€Å"power†. In essence, trusts impose an obligation to act and powers authorise people to carry out certain tasks with a lower level of compulsion.[11] The task we have is to decide what Alice intended and according to Dixton (p.67) â€Å"it is very easy to confuse trusts and powers, especially since most power are given to people who are otherwise trustees†. Edwards (p.80) advises that to differentiate between them is â€Å"a matter of construction for the courts, based on identifying the intention from†¦the language and the document as a whole† He further suggests that a significant indicator would be â€Å"existence of a gift in default of appointment† and wide discretion. Applying t his to our facts, we see that Alice grants him à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤10,000 to buy a small memento for â€Å"such of my relatives as have not received anything under the other provisions† and after doing this â€Å"to keep what is left†. It is submitted that this does not meet the necessary level of certainty, especially as Edward keeps what is left over, it is merely a power; a power of appointment[12], outside of a trust instrument[13].To impose a trust situation in this case would be to ignore the warning in Re Hamilton to â€Å"take the will you have to construe and see what it means, and if you come to the conclusion that no trust was intended then say so†. The next issue is what kind of powers these are and what level of compulsion exists on Edward to carry out the tasks. This could be a personal power[14] or a fiduciary power and this will turn on whether he was given the power in his capacity as a son or executor. Wilkie (p.52) says if it is a personal power he could distribute â€Å"spitefully, or capriciously, or even go to sleep and forget about exercising the power at all†. You could argue that Alice gave the power to her son in his capacity as a son; and so considering the remainder goes to him then it is all but an absolute gift. He could just buy a few relatives key-rings as mementoes and be done with it. The beneficiaries would have no equitable interest in any property as its quantum is unknowable. The second view you could argue is that he has to exercise the power in his capacity as executor and so he has a higher level of onus upon him. It is submitted that as such, this power of appointment would be what is known as a hybrid or intermediate power[15] in that he is authorised to distribute it to a certain category of objects, relatives, excluding those who have already benefited. The level of compulsion or onus is debatable. In Re Hay’s Settlements[16], it was held that he just cannot ignore this power to appoint randomly, he must make efforts to complete it. And in McPhail-v-Doulton[17] the leading case in this area it was said he â₠¬Å"must act in a responsible manner according to its purpose† and â€Å"make survey of the range of objects† that† will enable him to carry out his fiduciary duties.† Wilkie (p.52) says that there is much lessor onus is on a donee[18] of a power to locate those who may be objects. However, other commentators, see Penner (58+) say the onus depends on the type of power as well as who has been granted it. However, even with ‘powers’, the subjects and objects need to be ascertained and Alice has simply defined â€Å"small memento of me† and â€Å"relatives† minus those who benefited from the will; these are problematic. Firstly, the subject matter is conceptually uncertain[19]; as per Palmer-v-Simmonds[20] and so potentially void; what is ‘small’ and what is a ‘memento’[21]. Secondly, â€Å"relatives† could be taken to be anyone with a common ancestor and as you work back far enough this could include almost anyone. However, in Re Baden’s Deed Trusts (No.2)[22], relatives was equated to next-of-kin and held to be conceptually certain; a strange decision considering how rigid the court has been on conceptual uncertainty. Furthermore in McPhail, the test to ascertain objects for a power was decided as the ‘is or is not’ test described by Wilberforce as, â€Å"can it be said with certainty that any given indi vidual is or is not a member of the class?† Thus it appears possible that we could, if necessary, reach a legal definition of the objects although the problem is the subject of the power. The advice to Edward is pretty clear; as a trust this fails and so based on Curtis v Rippon[23], he could take the entire amount of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤20,000 seeing that the amounts to be given to relatives are uncertain and so the absolute gift to him takes effect over the failed trust. However, if viewed as a power, he may be under compulsion to distribute some of the à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤20,000 buying small mementos for relatives once he complies with the above; although, in practice few would be willing, or able, to compel him to execute this power. DISPOSITION B Does the phrase â€Å"fullest trust and confidence† indicates certainty of intention to create a trust? In Re-Adams-and-Kensington-Vestry[24] a husband gave property to his wife in â€Å"in full confidence that she will do what is right†, yet this was held to only impose a moral obligation upon her. However, in Comiskey-v-Bowring-Hanbury[25] the phrase â€Å"in full confidence† was held to impose a trust. The similarity in these cases is superficial and it is apparent that each was judged on its individual merits and potential settlor’s intentions. Hence, the mechanical application of phrase simply turns the law on its head. It is much more insightful to follow Re Hamilton comments listed above in part A and use common sense. Applying this, it is submitted there is potentially a certainty of intention, but we also need to examine the other certainties. On ‘certainty of subject’; it is trite law that, as per Re-London-Wine-Co[26] that trust property must be ascertainable. In that case un-segregated wine voided certainty. This was supported in Re-Goldcorp-Exchange-Ltd[27] . Mustill[28] said â€Å"rights in property, whether equitable, cannot exist in the air†¦ it can only exist in relation to property which is specifically ascertained†, i.e. physical segregation is necessary[29]. However we are not dealing with a situation exactly similar to Re-London-Wine. Under a will, the executor takes full title to the property on the death and according to Martin(p.60) the â€Å"equitable ownership is in suspense† – the trust has not yet been constituted whereas it allegedly had in London-Wine. All the executors need to do is to walk down to the cellar and physically segregate fifty bottles of wine and identify them as trust property and transfer legal title from Edward/Sandra, as executors, to Edward pers onally. It is obvious Alison knew what was in her wine cellar so the property she is referring to really was not a specific 50 bottles of wine, but 50 of the 80 wine bottles I know I have in my cellar. How else could she describe them if they were homogeneous, was an 80 year old woman close to death meant to go down to her cellar and move bottles around? However, it is the â€Å"old friends†, the potential objects of this trust, which poses more serious problems. The phrase â€Å"my old friends† is conceptually uncertain[30]; both words are subjective; what is a ‘friend’ and what is ‘old’? With the knowledge that this would be a fixed trust if the three certainties were present; i.e. each beneficiary entitled to an â€Å"equal† share then IRC-v-Broadway-Cottages-Trust[31] states that all the beneficiaries must be able to be listed and there is no room for any conceptual uncertainty. The disposition states that Edward should cure any uncertainty and his word is â€Å"final†. However, this is not likely to be accepted by the courts. In Re-Tuck’s-Settlement-Trusts the court allowed a Rabbi, as per the trust document, to cure an issue of uncertainty i.e. whether someone was of â€Å"Jewish blood†[32]. However, the Rabbi was acting in his capacity as expert on the Jewish faith and evidencing the meaning of the words not defining them. You could make a good argument that Edward could define his mother’s old friends just like the Rabbi defined Jewish blood, but it would go against current legal and academic opinion so as a trust it would likely fail. However, the advice in this case might be that this could be treated like above, as a power. This is because, as a power Edward could use the â€Å"is or is not test† rather than the â€Å"complete list† test and so circumvent this issue and give Edward much more leeway to carry out his mother’s intentions. Remember the preference of the courts will be to see Alice’s wishes carried out rather than not. DISPOSITION C There is clearly an intention to create a trust with the subject matter of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤20,000, because it is stated. It is further obvious that it is a discretionary trust[33]; this is a type of express trust where the trustee has what is called ‘dispositive discretion ’ i.e. an ability to decide the quantum of trust property, if any, goes to each beneficiary[34]. It is important to note the difference between this and a fixed trust; in a fixed trust the beneficiaries have a severable equitable claim on the property because they can usually calculate what they are entitled to. In a discretionary trust the trustees can exercise discretion; and in this case the basis of this discretion is those â€Å"they find most deserving.† The real issue is who exactly are the objects of the trust; that are subject to this discretion?[35] We are given no names but rather a class description â€Å"such of the first 300 people to have crossed the Victoria Bridge on the 24th of October 2008†. Such descriptors in theory pose no problems. However, if we assume that this date has passed[36], then we are presented with a difficult evidential problem. It is important to point out that the names of the 300 people who were first over Victoria Bridge is a fact; they are an absolute certainty; it is just the trustees don’t know who they are yet. Hence, it is not an issue of ‘conceptual certainty’ as to the class descriptor; it is not like â€Å"old friends†. The issue is one of evidential uncertainty in that the trustees do not have enough evidence to write down a complete list. The courts have grappled with this problem but it is now clear from McPhail-v-Doulton that previous requirements for a c omplete list, like for fixed trusts, are no longer valid. The test now is the â€Å"is or is not† test as outlined above. Hence, the trustees do not need to know the 300 people who crossed the bridge, they only need to meet the test set by Wilberforce in McPhail; â€Å"can it be said with certainty that any given individual is or is not a member of that class†. The issue now is could anyone do this with sufficient certainty. It would not be enough to show you crossed the bridge on the day but that you were one of the first three hundred to do so[37]. This turns on facts we don’t have; considering the coverage of police cameras in London it is likely there is one focused on Victoria Bridge so this might help candidates prove their claim. To conclude this section, the advice is whoever can prove with sufficient certainty that they fall within the class, and then they will become beneficiaries of the trust. However, if no one can prove then the trust will fail for lack of certainty of objects and the à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤20,000 result back to Alice’s estate. There are a number of other issues which should be covered briefly for Edward and Sandra. Assuming the three certainties are present, then the trust is properly constituted (as the potential trustees they are also executors and have legal title). To be a trustee you need to have reached the age of 18; we are not told Sandra’s age but presumably she complies with this. The trust is defined to be for 21 years i.e. 21 years after Alice’s death and this is permissible under Section 13 of the Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 1964. However, it is worth pointing out to Edward and Sandra that the trust is unlikely to last as long as 21 years. Although the beneficiaries would have no rights severally because as Penner (p.85) describes them they are â€Å"mere postulants, seeking the trustees’ largesse†; they could have rights jointly because it is an exhaustive trust[38] i.e. Alice appears to have instructed them to spend all the 20K and there are no devices to return unspent money to the estate. As such the beneficiaries may have rights jointly to petition the court to simply give them the trust property, see Martin (p.211) which presumably they would have agreed to divide equally[39]. References – Bibliography Burn, E, Trusts Trustees Cases Materials 6th Edition, Oxford University Press. Dixon, M, 2005, Equity and Trusts Q A, Cavendish Publishing. Edwards, K, 2000, Essential Equity and Trusts, Routledge. Duddington, J, 2007, Equity and Trusts Law Express, Pearson. Hudson, A, 2005, Equity Trusts, Routledge Cavendish. Mohamed, R, 2004, Cases Materials on Trusts, Routledge Cavendish. Martin, J, 2005,Hanbury Martin, Modern Equity 17th Edition, Sweet Maxwell. Penner, J, 2005, The Law of Trusts Core Text 4th Edition, OUP. Wilkie, M, 2008, Equity and Trusts Blackstones Q A 2008/2009, OUP. 1 Footnotes [1] Space precludes a discussion on the fundamentals of equitable law see Duddington(p.2+). [2] A trust is an onerous obligation and should not, and will not, be imposed casually by the courts if any doubt exists; especially as the courts may ultimately be called to adjudicate upon its operation [3] Hudson(p.38) [4] Re Williams 1897 [5] On the other hand you can use the word â€Å"trust†, as per Tito v Waddell (no2) and this might not create one. [6] They are often known as ‘testamentary trusts’; but not substantially different to inter vivos trusts. [7] 1840 [8] Dixon(p.61) [9] 1960 [10] We are told the will is valid and that is all we need to concern ourselves about with that matter. [11] Martin(p.171) [12] appointment in this sense means the power to give or to appoint the property to someone. [13] Powers can operate „insideâ€Å"or „outsideâ€Å", those outside are known as bare powers i.e. less encumbered by the obligatory nature of the trustees duty. [14] Beware of terminological problems with these phrases, see Wilkie(p.51) [15] See Mohamed(p.118) [16] 1982 [17] 1982 see Burn(p.84) for a discussion of the case and test. [18] The person who is authorised to exercise a power. [19] see Disposition B and C for more details and Duddington(P.15,16) [20] 1854 [21] see below for more detail [22] 1973 [23] 1820 [24] 1884 [25] 1905 [26] 1986 PCC 121 [27] 1985 [28] Quoted in Penner(p.205) [29] It is worth noting the ruling in Hunter v Moss which appears to run contrary to this albeit with intangibles. [30] Penner(p.197+) In Re Gibbard’s Will Trusts 1967 and RE Barlow’s Will Trusts 1979 â€Å"friends† was held certain but the former has been overruled and the latter referred to different legal circumstances. [31] 1955 [32] see Duddington(p.20) [33] see Dixon(p.65+) [34] See Martin(p.104+), see also Edwards(p.77) for concise analysis. [35] I am interpreting the will as meaning there is a potential class size of 300 and over these discretion is exercised. [36] It is not 100% clear from the rubric that his date has passed, although the use of â€Å"to have crossed† clearly infers it. [37] A suggestion of administrative un-workability might arise here [38] It is interesting to note that discretionary trusts presents theoretical problems in that you can ask the question ‚who holds the equitable rights to the property?’ without beneficiaries who enforce the terms of the trust; there is an obvious risk that trustees can become slack in their duties. See Penner(p84+) [39] Space precludes a detailed analysis of these issues

Terri Schiavo Life or Death :: essays research papers

Terri Schiavo Life or Death   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Terri Schiavo is a forty year old women who had a severe heart attack 15 years ago which resulted in brain damage. She had no living will so there is no legal document of what she would have wanted if she became brain damage and couldn’t function on her own but her husband, Michael Schiavo, says that after 15 years of being on a feeding tube she would have wanted to die. The question is should he have the right to remove the feeding tube? Anybody who knows me will know that my answer is no! The reason for that is because I am a Christian and I do not believe in terminating someone’s life. It’s my belief that as long as a persons heart is beating he or she stills has life in them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the New York Times Abby Goodnough and Maria Newman reports that on March 30 that the parents of Terri Schiavo latest appeal was turn down. It stated that one of the judges Stanley F. Birch, wrote that it was in his opinion the special law that was hastily passed by Congress on March 21 was unconstitutional. It was immediately signed by President Bush in hopes that it would help Terri’s parents. He says that it was unconstitutional and violated the principal of separation of powers. I understand under the federal law if there is no living will to determine who is to have custody of a person in this situation, automatically the decision making fall to a spouse or next in Kin. But in this situation where Mr. Schiavo never mention that Terri wanted to be taken off of the feeding tube until 1998, I can see why the law would be completely fair.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Chicago Tribune it stated that some supporters of the Schindlers has doubts of Mr. Schiavo ethics and his fitness for guardianship of Terri. They bought forward affidavits from his former girlfriends saying that they swore he confided in them stating he had no idea what his wife’s end-of-life wishes were. Also former care-givers of Terri stated that Mr. Schiavo was abusive to the home nursing staff and expressed the wish that Terri was dead. I feel this evidence is enough to put the feeding tube back in. To have so many people contest want Mr. Schiavo was saying and to just have the courts ignore it over and over again, I feel is unconstitutional.

Background and Needs of the Program

Background and Needs of the Program Many adult educational programs exist for the undeserved populations, the programs offer an extensive variety of educational opportunities as well as personal benefits for the individuals who utilize the programs. Additionally the programs strives to enhance educational opportunities for the adults who may exist with challenges In reference to his or her education level, Income level, possesses a disability status, or resides in an unfavorable geographic location. It is not uncommon for foundations to primarily exist from the support of grants and private contributions. The JP Foundation, Inc. Not an exception to the previous statement. The following paragraphs will serve as documentation In reference to providing a background of The JP Foundation, Inc. To Include the organizations history, structure. Additionally, the following paragraphs will serve as documentation in reference to key characteristics of the program. The key characteristics will i nclude the organizations primary activities and services. The latter paragraphs will serve as documentation in reference to the needs of the organizations program to Include diversity and how the organization will meet the needs with the assistance of grants. Organizational BackgroundThe JP Foundation, Inc. , founded in 1985 as a private not for profit organization. The organization maintains a website and individuals can view the foundations information itself. Org. The JP Foundation utilizes the organizations financial resources to assist the improvement of the library's facilities, obtaining books, computers, and supports the library's Center for Adult Learning. According to the foundations website, the foundations mission statements exists as simple, The JP Foundation's mission â€Å"Is to provide the resources that enhance and enrich the Jacksonville Public Library' Jacksonville Public Library, 2013, Para. ). The structure of the program falls under the City of Jacksonville, F lorida. The mayor of Jacksonville oversees the program, however, guided by the board of trustees, city council members, and the board officers. Key Characteristics The Center of Adult Learning, an adult educational program offered by the JP Foundation, offers adults free educational classes to individuals who may exists as educationally undeserved. The adult education classes assist students In four areas. The areas of Instruction consist of reading, math. Life skills. And English as a second language.The Center for Adult Learning will evaluate his or her educational needs ND reading levels. The Instructors will utilize a variety of tools for the facilitation of the classes. The instructors may use computers, audio, and video tapes for avenues for the students to receive Instruction. According to Jackals, â€Å"Center for Adult Learning first began providing reading instruction to adult learners in 1985. They currently offer small group and computer-assisted instruction in reading, math, pre GEED and English language skills to more than 800 adults annually' (2009, Para. 2).The reading program at the Center for Adult Learning helps participants' word abilities, phonics, and Increase participants' vocabulary, Increase his or her reading comprehension, and spelling skills. According to Math, â€Å"adult learning and literacy is adverse ways. It impacts health, crime rates, employment and future generations† (2013, Para. 2). In reference to the math portion of the curriculum offered by the Center for Adult Learning, the center assists adult learners in everyday math skills in reference to balancing a checkbook, unit pricing, and using a calculator.Previously the primary emphasis in reference to adult education has existed in reference to how adults earn and improve adult literacy skills. â€Å"However, since today's decisions are based on data, it is equally important for adult learners to develop and strengthen skills in mathematics, and for educators to identify what works best in developing those skills and create applications for adults† (U. S. Department of Education, 2013, Para. 1).In reference to life skills, the Center for Adult Learning offer skills for participants in reference to filling out applications for employment, filling out other general forms, a driver license, and election ballots. Life skills exists as the everyday skills that an individual need to possess where he or she can â€Å"successfully live in today's world. These include knowing how to work at a Job and be part of a team, manage money, manage time, live as part of a family and learning effective communication skills† (Areas, 2013, Para. ) . The fourth area the Center for Adult Learning offer skills for participants exists as English as a second language. The Center for Adult Learning offers English as a second language to individuals where he or she can communicate in English. This course will assist participants in reference to improving his or hers pronunciation, reading, and conversation in small groups. However, the Center of Adult Learning only offers assistance to individuals who speak Spanish.According to the United States Department of Education, â€Å"adult English Language programs are designed to help immigrants and others who have not yet developed proficiency in English to acquire the basic knowledge and skills they need to function effectively as parent's, workers, and citizens† (2013, Para. 1). Needs of the Program The needs of the adult education program exists as vast. However, the key need exists as financial. The mayor of Jacksonville, recently announced the funding for the city library will decrease by $2. Million dollars for the fiscal year 2014. As a part of the $2. Million budget cut, the funding for materials will also decrease by $173,370 for materials. Additionally, the budget cuts will eliminate 33 full-time positions. The budget cuts will have an adverse effect on the instructors a nd materials for the Center for Adult Learning. As a part of the budget cuts, no library will remain open Sundays, six branches will close, and the remaining libraries will remain open for a 40-hour week Jacksonville Public Library, 2013). A financial need exists in reference to, private funding and grants because of the budget cutbacks in the Jacksonville public library system and the Center for Adult Learning.Where the program can exists as beneficial to the most residents of Devalue County the Center for Adult Learning needs to possess extended hours of operation, have current materials, and have qualified instructor to teach the classes. Currently the Center for Adult Learning hours of operation exists as Monday and Thursday 10:00 a. M. – 6:00 p. M. ; Tuesday and Wednesday from 1 1 a. M. – 7:00 p. M. , and on Fridays 10:00 a. M. – 4:00 p. M. The abbreviated hours of operation exists as difficult to maintain an effective adult learning program.Additionally, t he program employs two full-time instructors one of the full-time instructor and two of the part instructors. To run an effective adult education program for a city with over a million residents the Center for adult learning needs to employ more than one full-time and one part-time instructor. According to the National Adult Literacy Survey, â€Å"more than 150,000 adults in Devalue County read below the 5th grade level – nearly 20% of our total population† (2013, Para. 1). Finally, the Center for Adult Learning possesses a mere four computers for students to use. The computers exists as outdated, the computers operate on aWindows 98 base operating system. A need exists to purchase additional personal computers with 21st century technology. If the Center for Adult Learning were to receive grants or private contributions, the program could exists as a more diversified program to expand to languages beyond Spanish. The Center for Adult Learning could employ additional in structors and purchase up-to- date computers to further advance the program. Conclusion The preceding paragraphs serves as documentation in reference to providing a background of the Center of Adult Learning through the JP Foundation.The background will include the organizational history and structure. Additionally, the preceding paragraphs serves as documentation to providing key characteristics of the program. For the Center of Adult Learning the key characteristics exists as, reading skills, basic math skills, basic life skills, and English as a second language. The latter paragraphs will serve as documentation in reference to the needs of the program and advised how the program would branch out to additional languages and purchase up-to-date technology and materials. References Areas, S. (2013).

The biggest thing I have learned from music

In â€Å"The Art of Eating Spaghetti,† Russel Baker's discovered his passion to become a writer. Wrting was the only talent and it was the only outlet for him to find who he is. If there was one thing that I've noticed that has changed me, that is music. Before I got into music, I was someone completely different. But then about 10 years ago, I finally bought my first music CD; it was a soundtrack to the movie, Crow: City of Angels. That day, something just clicked in me, like a missing piece of a puzzle. After that, while my sister was at school, every chance I got I went into her already extensive music collection and began listening to more and more music. It was essentially a snowball effect from there. I just kept getting my hands on more and more music until I've amassed currently almost 500 albums. Much of my personality changed as well. It changed many of the ways I looked at the world because I started hearing so many more perspectives on it through the music. Instead of just a visual representation I had grown up with, I now had an audio representation of the world. So many ways of translation just coming straight to me through my ears. My views just broadened up so much and I started to accept much more into my life. I used to never like change. If I was at a restaurant, I'd get only what I absolutely knew I would like. Music made me to become much more experimental as it opened my eyes and helped me become much more acceptable of change and trying new things. I would say that's the biggest thing I have learned from music. Is the prospect of how beautiful things can become if looked at in more than one way. Music showed this to me and taught me a way to be able to finally express it. I used to have such a hard time expressing myself, but music became my avenue for expression. Now whatever effects me, it can show in my work, and the music I write. Again, music taught me how to accept change, and also to become more passionate. Well it kind of goes hand in hand to me, as expression leads to passion, and vice versa. I tried to do that with art, but it just never fully took me the way music did. I've grown and changed more from music than anything else in my entire life. If you knew me ten years ago, you wouldn't even know me anymore. It's funny how much some of the most simple things to some people, can be so complex and life changing to others. But thankfully, I was fortunate enough to discover music, because I can't imagine anymore the way I was. Now my world is so much more open to interpretation in ways I never thought possible before. Music would probably be the first drug I can say I ever discovered. When I listened to that movie soundtrack for the first time, listening to all those great bands, I just felt such a rush like nothing I ever felt before. It was insane to me. That cd was a gateway for me to bigger and better music. A lot of music is just music to me, thats all, I still enjoy it, but some bands and soundtracks are something else. My prime example is Tool. When I first heard their song called â€Å"Third Eye†, I learned that music carried no boundaries. This was music unlike any rock I've ever heard before. It was so intricate as it went on. So many parts to the song that sound nothing alike, but they mesh together like a beautiful tapestry. Parts are peaceful and beautiful, and parts are a tempest of intruments, and each section rung a note inside me, just taking me someplace else entirely when I closed my eyes. Its like, behind my eyelids, I could see what the singer was seeing as he sang his heart out. The first time this ever happened to me, I could remember vividly like I was on a sandy desert, but it wasn't hot, it was rather cool and the sky was pinkish. And there were pools of water all over the place, like it just rained for hours, and inside the sand, there were black shiny stones everywhere scattered. After that happened to me, I been hooked on Tool ever since. No music has had a more profound effect on me before that day. Man, if anything can make a grown woman feel like a little child that is so excited before christmas, that is Tool for me. So overall, music has showed me how much more there is in the world besides what we see everyday. The eyes are just one sense, and the ears can tell just as much about the world as the eyes. The world just appears more beautiful when you can see deeper inside of it. You have to see the abstract of something to truly appreciate it for how beautiful it is.

JFKs Assassination essays

JFK's Assassination essays A nagging question still haunts the minds of many Americans. Did Lee Harvey Oswald really act alone, as the Warren Commission's report stated, or was there a conspiracy, hatched by the Mob, the CIA, the FBI, or some other organization, to kill President John F. Kennedy at the height of his political power' Perhaps the truth will never be known, and President Kennedy's real murderer will never be brought to justice. Several of the conspiracy theories refuse to die - here are some of the most popular and New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison's theory is probably the most well known of the conspiracy theories because it was made into a film starring Kevin Costner and directed by Irving Stone. Garrison, through several investigative methods, believed a local businessman named Clay Shaw was involved in a conspiracy to kill President Kennedy, and that Shaw's involvement went as high as the national Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). While many historians still believe Garrison's accusations were "groundless" (Holland 10), the legend of his prosecution of Shaw lives on, and there are still some unanswered questions regarding the theory, even though Shaw was eventually found not guilty of any conspiracy or Basically, Garrison's theory was that Shaw was a CIA informant, who took part in a CIA "coup d'etat" constructed to remove Kennedy from power because of ongoing clashes with the CIA and other government agencies, and the belief that Kennedy had socialist or communistic leanings. Garrison wrote a book about his life and beliefs, called, "On the Trail of the Assassins." In that book he wrote, "'What happened at Dealey Plaza in Dallas on November 22, 1963, was a coup d'etat. I believe that it was instigated and planned long in advance by fanatical anticommunists in the United States intelligence community'" (Holland 10). While the CIA conspiracy theory has long ...

Grapes Of Wrath Essays - U.S. Route 66, Dust Bowl, Free Essays

Grapes Of Wrath Essays - U.S. Route 66, Dust Bowl, Free Essays Grapes Of Wrath Throughout history man has made many journeys, far and wide, Moses great march though the Red Sea and Columbus crossing of the Atlantic Ocean are only a few of mans greatest voyages. Even today great journeys are being made. In every instances people have had to rise above themselves and over come emence odds. The Joads did just that by traveling to California to find work. Steinbeck shows one aspect of this real life journey by displaying it by a turtle and its struggle to reach the other side of a road. As the turtle is about to reach his goal, it is returned to its original location, but it does not waver in its determination, and continues across the road until it reaches the other side. The Joad family and Casy identify with this the most because the undergo tremendous heartache, yet they stay true to their plans and never give up. They are faced with death and sickness, but they never give up. Steinbeck wrote In the evening a strange thing happened: twenty families became one family, the children were the children of all the loss of home became one loss, and the golden time in the West was one dream This was what the Joads were searching for they wanted to feel like they belonged. Ma was the one who was mostly searching for this. This is her journey to keep the family together. Her belief that a broken-family will not be able to accomplish anything. This is displayed by her not allowing the two cars to split and arrive at California at different times, when one of the cars breaks down, as they are leaving Oklahoma. Ma says I aint a-gonna go. The only way shell let the family break up is if pa whips her and makes her go. Pas journey is displayed by his trying to fit in and make a difference. He does not handle this move very well, and throughout their journey, he is confused, and not as headstrong as Ma. He realizes this also, he knows that he cant help the family the way he use to. So he searches for anyway he can help. When the rain was coming it was this idea to dig a ditch. It was a good idea but it failed and it reflected on him. Tom Joad is a very complicated individual, who is a tremendous asset and at the same time a tremendous burden. His Parole causes his family an unneeded worry, while his ability to get work while very few people do, also benefited the family. He is also the main protagonists for his family, with his independent nature, and the main follower of Casys philosophy on human nature. Toms journey let to Casys death it wasnt his fault but he realized the importance of Casys ideas. This ultimately let to this leaving the family to help other people. Tom said ...Ill be aroun in the dark. Ill be everwhere - wherever you look. Wherever theys a fight so hungry people can eat, Ill be there. Wherever theys a cop beatin up a guy, Ill be there....Ill be in the way guys yell when theyre mad an - Ill be in the way kids laugh when theyre hungry an they know suppers ready. An when our folks eat the stuff they raise an live in the houses they build - why Ill be there. Tom was in a way like a hero to his pe ople. Casy has frequently been compared with Jesus Christ, and his lifestyle of preaching and leading people in revolt, as well as sacrificing himself for Tom and the Joad family demonstrates this common held belief well. He also had a follower, or disciple in Tom, who after Casys death carries his message, and aids other with it. The Joad family along with Casy show the benefit of people uniting in order to accomplish goals. Rose of Sharon baby symbolizes live and death. The baby dies but in a way it brings live to the old man who needs milk. The end of the book is not the end of their journey. The people are only still at the beginning. But the hardest part

Easy and Fun December Writing Prompts

Easy and Fun December Writing Prompts While December is packed with many different holidays, many with religious origins, the prompts below are for celebrating the less traditional, or even odd, events. Here is  a list of writing prompts, one for celebrating each day in December. You can use these as daily warm-ups, journal entries, or for other writing or speaking and listening assignments. December Recognition Safe Toy and Gift MonthUniversal Human Rights MonthWrite to a Friend Month Writing Prompt Ideas for December December 1 - Theme: Rosa Parks DayRead an interview Parks did for Scholastic Magazine.Do you think that racism still exists? Give specific reasons for your answer.December 2 - Theme: Safe Toy and Gift MonthThere are many toys and items that were once commonly given to children that are no longer allowed to be sold. Good Housekeeping keeps a list.Do you think that this is a good thing? Why or why not?December 3 - Theme: International Day of the Disabled PersonThe  Accessible Icon project has designed  the new icon to display an active, engaged image with a focus on the person with a disability.  The new icon is viewable at accessibleicon.orgWhat is the message of this icon, or any other icon, that alerts pedestrians and motorists to be mindful of people with disabilities?December 4 - Theme:  National Dice DayMany of your favorite games use dice (Monopoly, Risk, Trouble, Clue). What was one of those games that you played? Why did you like this game?December 5 - Theme: Walt Disn eys BirthdayWhats your favorite Walt Disney movie? Why? December 6 - Theme: Put on Your Own Shoe DayWhile this holiday may have started as a way to have students learn how to wear and lace up their shoes, you might want to write out what steps towards independence you have taken since you were a child.December 7 - Theme: Pearl Harbor DayListen to President Roosevelts speech on the bombing of Pearl Harbor.What makes the short speech so significant? What language makes this so memorable?December 8 - Theme: Pretend To Be A Time Traveler DayHow far back in time would you go? To yesterday to correct any mistakes? Would you go far back in history? Where would you travel, and why?December 9 - Theme:  Worldwide Candle Lighting Day  The Compassionate Friends Worldwide Candle Lighting unites family and friends around the globe in lighting candles for one hour to honor the memories of the sons, daughters, brothers, sisters, and grandchildren who left too soon. Who would you light a candle for, and why?December 10 - Theme: Human Rights DayWhy do you think that it is important for the world to have a day set aside as Human Rights Day? Explain your answer. December 11 - Theme: Write to a Friend MonthWrite the first paragraph of a letter that you might send to a friend that you havent seen for a long time.December 12 - Theme: National Cocoa DayIf you were given a choice of a hot beverage, which of the following would you choose: coffee, tea, or cocoa? Why?December 13: Theme:  National Day of The HorseEncouraging citizens to be  mindful  of the contribution of horses to the economy, history, and character of the United States. If you cannot write about the horse, then what other animals would you suggest be celebrated on this date?December 14 - Theme: First Miniature Golf Course OpenedHave you ever played miniature golf? What is your opinion of it?December 15 - Theme: Bill of Rights DayDo you think that freedom of speech should be absolute or restricted in certain circumstances? Explain your answer.December 16 - Theme: Boston Tea PartyAre you the type of person who would have participated in the Boston Tea Party, throwing tons of t ea overboard into the water to protest British laws and taxes? December 17 - Theme: Underdog DayDo you tend to root for the reigning champion or the underdog? Explain your answer.December 18 - Theme: Wear a Plunger on Your Head DayDescribe the silliest thing you have ever worn (or been forced to wear).December 19 - Theme: Peace and GoodwillWhat is the nicest thing that anyone has ever done for you? Write a thank you note to that person for their actions.December 21 - Theme: WinterWrite a poem or a short piece of prose about winter. Make sure to include the five senses in your writing.December 22 - Theme: Forefathers DayIt is a commemoration of the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers in Plymouth, Massachusetts, on December 21, 1620.Who are your forefathers or ancestors? What achievements did they make?December 23 - Theme: Date Nut Bread DayFood historians believe that the date palm was first farmed in the Middle East around 6000 BCE. What foods that you eat today may be studied by food historians 1000 years from now?December 24 - Theme: National Egg N og DayWhats your favorite food to eat during the winter holidays? Describe it in detail. December 25 - Theme:  National Pumpkin Pie DayPies are meant to be shared. If you had to divide a pie to share, what would be the size of each slice? Why? Who would you share this pie with?ORDecember 25 - Theme: A’habet of No L DayA’phabet Day or No â€Å"L† Day is a pun on â€Å"Noel.†What is a pun? Read some examples. Can you write a few puns?December 26 - Theme:  Boxing DayBoxing Day is celebrated in the United Kingdom. These boxes are, in essence, holiday bonuses.  If you could not receive money as a bonus, what would you like to find in a box as a bonus for being a good student?December 27 - Theme: Visit the Zoo DayPretend you were visiting a zoo. Which animal would you want to see first and why?December 28 - Theme: Card Playing DayDo you like to play card games? If so, which do you like and why? If not, why not?ORDecember 28: Theme Pledge of Allegiance Day.​Congress formally recognized the Pledge of Allegiance on December 28, 1945.What d o you think about when you make this pledge?December 29 - Theme: BowlingHave you ever been bowling? Do you like this sport? Why or why not? December 30 - Theme: Looking BackWrite a paragraph detailing at least three good things that happened to you during this past year.December 31 - Theme: New Years EveHow do you commemorate New Years Eve? Describe your celebrations in detail. Source Interview with Rosa Parks. Scholastic, 2019.

The security technology of e-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The security technology of e-commerce - Essay Example Most reputable financial institutions and e-commerce service providers take all measures to protect the data and transactions online and simultaneously they provide the details to the customers, how to protect their transaction. Although the risks are generally avoided while dealing with internet transactions, even then the threats are enormous. The various threats include cyber terrorism, credit card number may be intercepted, cyber attacks during the war on terrorism, viruses and worms, hacking and malware techniques, one of the service providers may deny that the deals ever took place, hackers may exploit data from web page due to some improper security measures, hackers may gain access to the system. Sometimes customers may also become a victim of identity theft. According to a survey conducted by the US Department of Justice (DOJ), identity theft is affecting millions of household in the US and costing an estimated $ 6.4 billion per year. To avoid all these consumers must take s ome proactive steps and practices to access the computer before carrying out any financial transaction. Some of the most common practices include the use of updated versions of software and operating systems, ensure proper network security, avoid opening unknown emails and attachments, use of passwords, use of updated antivirus software and use of encryption.In the present paper, the author attempts to deal with the type of risks available to the internet user, the present security system available to the consumers and future security trends. trends. The finding of available security system has been summarized. 3.0 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS STATEMENT: While going before the literature as cited in bibliography, author made an attempt to a hypothetical statement as , " Are the current security systems able to provide security to the e-commerce users" 4.0 EXPLANATION OF THE TECHNOLOGY: 4.1 BACKGROUND: In the early 1990's digital break-ins, kidnapping were the terms used by many popular journals to hackers. The early targets were educational institutes and

Culture and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Culture and Business - Essay Example Brahmans are a minority group in India despite their holding of high positions in the society. They are mostly found in the southern area of India and they hold the tradition of plastering their houses using red earth close to their hearts. Traditionally, Brahmans were tremendously influential even when it came to leading religious rituals. Most of these people (Brahmans) are hugely influential business-persons, moneylenders, land owners and government employees. Of essence, also, is for any business person to note that these people do not take the issue of ritual pollution very lightly. They are very conscious when it comes to the ritual pollution of their food and homes. To this, they prohibit entry to their kitchens by other persons (especially from lower castes). They may not involve themselves in plowing or handle any ‘impure’ material as per the taboos set by their tradition. They are also vegetarian. Brahmans are not particularly impactful when it comes to the Ind ian business system due to the fact that they are a minority group, however. (britannica.com, 2011) Lastly, but not least, one should to note that these people do not have a tradition of drinking alcohol. It is also generally considered a sign of disrespect to touch a client with one’s feet and doing so should prompt an apology. ... (Warner, 2003 p69) Buddhism forms its basis on the Siddhartha Gautama teachings, which are called ‘Buddha’. Buddha means the enlightened one and Buddhism set in on the Indian soil in approximately 560 B.C. its main aim was to seek relief for the suffering of humans. Buddhists are vegetarians and thus, do not advocate for animal killing. Businesswise, Buddhism has had its share of impact on India through their beliefs. Their mission as Buddhists is to uphold the right of livelihood for humans in the business context. Thus, in generic terms they are usually against any company that has no care for both animals and the environment. (scribd.com, 2011) Hinduism Hinduism though looked at as the last in this study, is the main religion in India and it forms a group of religious traditions that have been in India for a while. These were witnessed in this nation in the period covering 3000-1500 B.C. In the most recent times, about 780 million people are affiliated to this religio n. Hinduism is viewed to be more of an approach given to the universe as opposed to theologically. Businesswise, they have impacted on the Indian system in a great way. Two main observations are possible when it comes to this religion and business; they (Hindus) have a positive kind of attitude while business is concerned and creating wealth is also another core factor to what they believe in. It should be noted, though, that wealth creation is not their major goal when it comes to business. Salvation and ethics, which they refer to as moksha and dharma respectively is their prime goals in business. (scribd.com, 2011) If one is a business person from foreign and is seeking to do business in India, there are several things to note. This is with specific

Why banning the use of cell phones while driving should be mandatory Essay - 1

Why banning the use of cell phones while driving should be mandatory nationwide - Essay Example Lawmakers should ban cell phone use while driving because a human life is more important than a simple phone call. Even if a driver is using a phone for something important, such as work, they are still putting others at risk. Another persons life is more important than a phone call and there really can be no comparison between the two. Second, driving and talking on the phone should be outlawed because most phone calls are not emergencies. A person would not talk on the phone while in a business meeting, so why should they when they are driving? Discounting work or emergency calls, most calls are either personal or social. If a call is not the matter of a life or death situation then it can wait until the driver can safely stop their vehicle. Finally, drivers need their full attention on the road, so by law they should not be able to use a cell phone while driving. Drivers are required to sit license tests before being able to drive, so this proves that driver have to be skilful. Talking on the phone takes away from these skills. Also, it is just common sense not to talk on the phone while driving, the same way that people would think it is silly to drive and read a book at the same time. To sum up, drivers should not be allowed to use cell phones for all of the reasons listed previously. Not only is a human life more important than a phone call, but also the majority of phone calls are not emergencies and drivers need to be fully focused on the road ahead of

The Corporate Manslaughter Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Corporate Manslaughter Reform - Essay Example This is but a logical consequence of the very nature of corporations' artificial personality in connection with what possible penalty they could be made to suffer. But the famous case of R. v. P & O Ferries (Dover) Ltd. 93 Cr App Rep 72 (or the famous Herald of Free Enterprise case) have challenged this idea and the courts' decision was to formally recognise that these corporations can be made criminally liable for manslaughter. This decision is taken to mean as holding the corporation itself directly criminally liable for manslaughter (as if the corporation have acted independently on its own to constitute mens rea and actus reus) aside from the individual liabilities of its directors or officers. The US Supreme Court as well in 1909 (along the same line of thought on corporate criminal liability) held that corporations could be held liable criminally for acts or omissions including failure of an agent acting within the scope of his employment. From here, there were recent cases which have stated that a corporation will be held vicariously liable for the illegal acts of its employees if the employees act within the scope of their authority and intend to benefit the corporation. In both jurisdictions (UK and the United States), corporate criminal liability is without question recognised. The Problem of the Second Element of the Offence in Government's Proposed Draft Bill Reform on Corporate Manslaughter Corporate manslaughter is a homicide for a corporation. This means that a natural person is made to answer for criminal liabilities as if it were a natural person being held to answer for the consequences of a criminal act. Taken from... The researcher of this essay states that it is but proper to mention some basic concepts of corporate criminal liability as a preliminary before taking up the crucial issues involved in the Corporate Manslaughter: The Government’s Draft Bill for Reform. Corporate criminal liability is one of those hotly debated topics. One issue that attracts much attention is whether a corporation should be at "fault" before liability is imposed, and precisely what "corporate fault" means. In other words, what liability standard should be required before imposing liability on the corporation. For example, should liability be imposed when the corporation is negligent, when it acts "knowingly," whenever harm occurs regardless of the "fault" of the corporation, or some other liability standard? This essay addresses this issue and provides some deterrence-based insights into the choice of liability standards for corporate crime. The researcher mentiones that there were recent cases which have sta ted that a corporation will be held vicariously liable for the illegal acts of its employees if the employees act within the scope of their authority and intend to benefit the corporation. In both jurisdictions (UK and US), corporate criminal liability is without question recognised. The proposed Corporate Manslaughter Law aims to tackle the identification principle by providing a new basis - a test that focuses on management failure at senior level within the organization instead of focusing on the negligent act of an individual employee.

Management Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Information Systems - Essay Example Moreover, virtual reality applies the use of head mounted display that accelerates immersion and eliminates any form of interference from the real world. Notably, augmented reality combine the use of real life images and the three major display techniques, unlike the virtual reality that displays graphic information on handheld display and physical objects (Viega, 2010). Question # 2 The augmented reality is more appealing to the marketers than virtual reality, since nearly everyone has already experienced it, and is appreciating its application. Moreover, it can be applied in numerous commercial fields including sports and games, image guided surgery in medical procedures, marketing among other industries sectors. Additionally, markers prefer AR technology since it can be manipulated to produce interesting images for interesting marketing especially the phone applications (Maclntosh, 2010). Question # 3 The augmented reality has found its applicability in the real estate marketing s ince it readily avails real estate information and listings using phone applications. Moreover, the incorporated phone applications are easy to use by the phone users e.g. in locating a real estate. Additionally, the AR technology has made it easy to use small photographs that can easily be incorporated in the phone applications showing the features of the real estate or the actual property. Other than the mentioned applications of AR technology, it can be used as maps incorporating routes within a section of the city, museum. Furthermore, it can be used in the hotel industry advertisement (Maclntosh, 2010). Reference Maclntosh R. S. (2010). â€Å"Portable Real Estate Listings with a Difference, â€Å"United States, NY: The New York Times. Viega A. (2010). â€Å"Augmented Reality For Real Estate Search,’ NY: Associated Press. Interactive Session: Management, â€Å"Piloting Valero with Real Time Management† Question # 1 The management team needs to address several is sues before developing the Valero’s dashboard. Among the issues is how efficient the dashboard will assist in the management of the organization (Henderson, 2009). How many managers will the dashboards availed in their offices? Moreover, if the dashboard is to be availed to the public, will the company records remain save? Additionally, will the dashboard compromise quality of production? Question # 2 The availability of the dashboard in the remote areas of the organization makes it possible for any form of deterioration of quality in the refining process to be easily identified and corrective measure taken as soon as possible (Kahn, 2010). Moreover, the dashboard quickly reveals the occurrence of any production measures thus quick corrective measures taken unlike undertaking manual operation to the plant in determining where the problem might have emerged. Question # 3 Since the dashboards are to be separated, each dashboard will only need to display certain information. For quality performance, the refining dashboard will only be required to display certain information for quality performance. The refining dashboard shows the information including history of production and the current production data (Kahn, 2010). This would facilitate comparison thus quality assessment and

How has the sociology of education helped you understand gendered Essay

How has the sociology of education helped you understand gendered issues in education - Essay Example Unfortunately, all these social progress appear void when we hear reports of gender bias, and gender discrimination within the educational institutes. The educational institutions and academicians are the beacon of social reforms, the forum and its owners kindle progressive and visionary principles to sustain and developed society. It is discouraging to observe these vocalists of social and human rights, negating these principles in their professional attributes (Praechter, 1998, pp. 178). The article has elaborated the contributing factors which have caused gender split among the young generation. The faculty of the academic institutions are involved in certain measures which provoke differences between males and females; the steps are although deliberate but such offensive measures are so common in our schools that no one bothers to challenge or restrict such offensive statements. The sociologists have complained against the curriculum being taught to the young generations; and alleged that the basic differences between female and male society are exaggerated and highlighted in these schools. Such teachings in later stages develop a sharp edge between the students and professionals from both the genders. It is suspected that educational institutions establish primary differences between masculine and feminine in their teachings, which eventually translate into social inequality (Maher, 2001, pp. 78). It is alleged that "traditional gender ideologies and present changing gender norms affect the way gender is taught through the hidden curriculum found within every classroom today" (Lloyd, 1992, pp. 86). The schools are accused of teaching gender norms, which is source of intensifying the gender inequalities, "education is one of the leading institutions that teaches and bolsters the gender inequalities". The research reveals that the

Management Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Information Systems - Essay Example Moreover, virtual reality applies the use of head mounted display that accelerates immersion and eliminates any form of interference from the real world. Notably, augmented reality combine the use of real life images and the three major display techniques, unlike the virtual reality that displays graphic information on handheld display and physical objects (Viega, 2010). Question # 2 The augmented reality is more appealing to the marketers than virtual reality, since nearly everyone has already experienced it, and is appreciating its application. Moreover, it can be applied in numerous commercial fields including sports and games, image guided surgery in medical procedures, marketing among other industries sectors. Additionally, markers prefer AR technology since it can be manipulated to produce interesting images for interesting marketing especially the phone applications (Maclntosh, 2010). Question # 3 The augmented reality has found its applicability in the real estate marketing s ince it readily avails real estate information and listings using phone applications. Moreover, the incorporated phone applications are easy to use by the phone users e.g. in locating a real estate. Additionally, the AR technology has made it easy to use small photographs that can easily be incorporated in the phone applications showing the features of the real estate or the actual property. Other than the mentioned applications of AR technology, it can be used as maps incorporating routes within a section of the city, museum. Furthermore, it can be used in the hotel industry advertisement (Maclntosh, 2010). Reference Maclntosh R. S. (2010). â€Å"Portable Real Estate Listings with a Difference, â€Å"United States, NY: The New York Times. Viega A. (2010). â€Å"Augmented Reality For Real Estate Search,’ NY: Associated Press. Interactive Session: Management, â€Å"Piloting Valero with Real Time Management† Question # 1 The management team needs to address several is sues before developing the Valero’s dashboard. Among the issues is how efficient the dashboard will assist in the management of the organization (Henderson, 2009). How many managers will the dashboards availed in their offices? Moreover, if the dashboard is to be availed to the public, will the company records remain save? Additionally, will the dashboard compromise quality of production? Question # 2 The availability of the dashboard in the remote areas of the organization makes it possible for any form of deterioration of quality in the refining process to be easily identified and corrective measure taken as soon as possible (Kahn, 2010). Moreover, the dashboard quickly reveals the occurrence of any production measures thus quick corrective measures taken unlike undertaking manual operation to the plant in determining where the problem might have emerged. Question # 3 Since the dashboards are to be separated, each dashboard will only need to display certain information. For quality performance, the refining dashboard will only be required to display certain information for quality performance. The refining dashboard shows the information including history of production and the current production data (Kahn, 2010). This would facilitate comparison thus quality assessment and

Chameleons Organism Physiology Essay Example for Free

Chameleons Organism Physiology Essay We know that an organism is anything that is living and can function by itself. This paper will help understand chameleons and how they have evolved to adapt to their surroundings. It will also discuss their physical features inside and out. Myths and facts will be revealed, as well as a few comparisons between sexes. Though there are many species of chameleons, everything discussed will be in reference to them as a whole. Chameleons are part of the reptile family. Half of their population lives and originated from Madagascar. Others can be found in the Middle East, Europe, and India. Fossils show that chameleons have been around for more than 26 million years (Klappenbach, 2014). The two scientific names given to them are Brookesiini and Chamaeleonini. Their known life span is to be around five to nine years (Switch Zoo , 2013). They are omnivores and carnivores, so their diet consists of insects, fruit, animals and flowers. There are also more than 135 different species of chameleons and six different subfamilies, which are Bradypodian, Brookesia, Calumma, Rhampolean, Chamaeleo, and Furcifer (Chameleons Online, 2002). The bulge underneath their tails can determine the sex of a chameleon visibly. This specie is commonly found in three types of habitats. The main one is the forest, where there are many trees and bushes for them to travel and hide. This is the same for scrublands, which is the second habitat. It is common for chameleons to want to stay off the ground and higher up, but few do like to make home in fallen leaves and sticks in large open areas. The third habitat is the desert, and even though it is hot and dry, few chameleons can still survive. Chameleons possess many features that are critical to their  survival, i (Komeleons). The first and well-known feature is their skin color. Their skin helps them to blend into their environment, but also stand out. They are able to regulate their body temperature and communicate based on the color of their skin. The important thing to know is that a chameleon’s skin color is a reflection of their feelings. When they feel threatened and s cared they will turn a dull color like a grey or a brown. When they feel dominant and want to defend themselves or their territory they will turn bright colors to seem more intimidating. There is evidence that suggests that chameleons evolved to stand out not to blend in. The reason their skin is able to change so many colors is because there is a layer of different pigments underneath known as chromatophore cells. There are four layers of skin cells that go in the order of yellow, red, blue, and brown in color. The color changing is from their hormones and not their nervous system. Females also change colors when they are pregnant or want to warn away males. Though chameleons are not the only organisms that can change color, they are among the fastest that can. Next, are the eyes of a chameleon. Their eyes are large and sit on the side of their heads. They are able to move separately and almost view 360 degrees of their surroundings (Foden, 2014). They are also able to move their eyes around without moving their heads. Another feature is their tongue. A chameleon’s tongue can be one and a half times longer than their body. When it is not extended, it sits coiled inside of their neck. They are able to extend their tongues to catch insects without being noticed, and the insects stick to it making it easier to catch. The fourth feature of a chameleon is their feet. Each foot has five toes. The feet in the front has two toes going outward and three toes going inward, while the back feet are the opposite. Their feet help them to grip braches to climb and stay mobile. Lastly, is a chameleon’s tail. Their tail is used for gripping while moving and to maintain their balance. When a chameleon feels threatened they can coil it, or roll it up, to make them appear larger while defensive. The inner structure of chameleons is also important in survival, ii (Neumann). They consist of a heart, oesophagus, lungs, liver, intestine, fat bodies, gal bladder, kidney, and cloaca. Females also have ovaries and oviducts for reproduction. They have a skeletal system that includes a very unique and important bone, the hyoid, iii (Terraristik). The hyoid is the bone that is connected to their  tongue. When chameleons extend their tongues you will notice that up close the bone’s outline is seen through the tongue. The hyoid is also used against predators when a chameleon feels threatened. They will push it down to extend their throat out to give the appearance that they are larger. It is clear to see that chameleons have evolved and are able to use many techniques to defend off predators. They are able to use their bodies to communicate with one another and express their feelings. Chameleons are also able to survive in normal and some extreme climates and habitats. The myth of chameleons being able to blend in with their surroundings has clearly been proven to be the completely opposite, as they change to stand out. In conclusion, there are many species of chameleons that have been around for many years, but they have evolved greatly over time. i (Komeleons) ii (Neumann) iii (Terraristik) References Bishop, G. (2014). Chameleons National Wildlife Federation. Retrieved from http://www.nwf.org/Kids/Ranger-Rick/Animals/Amphibians-and-Reptiles/Chameleons.aspx Casselman, A. (2008, January 8). Chameleons Evolved Color Changing to Communicate. Retrieved from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/01/080128-chameleon-color_2.html Chameleon Terraristik. (2006). Anatomy. Retrieved from http://www.chamaeleon-terraristik.de/html/anatomy.html Chameleons Online. (2002). Chameleons. Retrieved from http://www.chameleonsonline.com/species.php Foden, S. (2014). Parts of the Chameleon | Animals PawNation. Retrieved from http://animals.pawnation.com/parts-chameleon-3548.html Klappenbach, L. (2014). Chameleons Chamaeleonidae The Animal Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://animals.about.com/od/Lizards/p/chameleons.htm SciShow. (2014, July 31). How Do Animals Change Color? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fcb9us2YJe8 Switch Zoo. (2013). Chameleon

A study into the effectiveness on Homeschooling

A study into the effectiveness on Homeschooling In the information age, knowledge is one of the most powerful forces in society. At the same time, home schooling is becoming increasingly prevalent at an amazing rate. As to the function of it, there is a long-running controversial debate. Some people support that home schooling is a popular alternative to traditional educational environment. However, others stand on a very different ground. This phenomenon is often brought into public focus. As we know, home schooling means children are educated at home. Their parents play a significant role in the teaching tasks. They can be seen as the teachers at school. Since the human produced the family, home schooling was generated. The education that all people receive consists of home schooling with school education and social education. Home schooling happens between family members, because of that, home schooling is initially, lasting and it around the people who are educated. Home schooling has a great influence on human beings. To a large extent, this situation is desirable with its many positive aspects. Home schooling affects childrens physiology and psychology. In the physiological aspect, the families provide the material lives of their children. Families influence childrens growth and can establish childrens life habits, and so on. In the psychological aspect, families could guide the personality of their children. The personality, will and character of children are not inborn: they need to be cultivated by their families, especially in the early stage of education and family environment. Families make the greatest impressions of the growth of their children, and also they are initiative and authoritative. Home schooling could develop the confidence of children. Home schooling is different with school education. Home schooling need children just compare with themselves. During the growth of children, no one has the same life, so the parents should take the advantages and disadvantages as a key point in order to their children grow up. School education has a lot of homework. Excessive homework is encroaching on childrens free time and family time, making it difficult for them to engage in activities that are important for their full development (McReynolds 2007). But home schooling doesnt have homework. Children can do anything what they want to do in the free time. On the other hand, some countries offer some conveniences for home schooling. For example, Canadas government provides all the courses for the different levels of students, so the parents could use these materials to teach their children. Even though these students do not go to school, they still can send their homework to the school office to examine and their results will be kept in the files. The government also takes charge of these students. These students could take part in any public examination and the results will be admitted. Moreover, the most important is the university will acknowledge the results of home schooling. However, some people hold a different attitude, arguing that school education is better than home schooling. Firstly, in the objective of education, school education clearly reflects the requirement of students, and school education is scientific, clear and explicit. Because of that, the purpose of education is always subjective. Secondly, the comparing with the system, school education has its own organization and financial support. The school education has relatively independent system. And it can keep the stability and persistence of education. Nevertheless home schooling cannot achieve that. Thirdly, school education has strong to sense of organization, and home schooling is unable to do that. The comparing school education and home schooling, school education has wider range than home schooling. The students in the school can meet different people from the same age, and they should know how to communicate with each other so as to improve their social skills. However, the students just talk with the people they know in home schooling, they cannot develop their social skills and they might be become unsociable. It is a process that the children grow to an adult. There is a vital feature of process, which could not develop without communicate with companion. Even an excellent adult cannot replace the impact of companionship. Many people presume that a homeschooled child is unhealthily sequestered at home, away from normal social interaction in the broader community (Carlson 2009). Someone may say that the internet is increasing rapidly and home schooling will not have any barriers. It is not true because the internet cannot displace face to face communication, particularly the education of children is active and visualized. It cannot be replaced by machines. Even if the family environment is very good, students cannot realize these experiences when they are in school. School education is more interesting than home schooling. Meanwhile, the school is like a little social, that help children grow up and their abilities can be tested. The abilities and senses of the students are difficult to develop when they graduate from the schools. In my opinion, school education is the education of scientific culture, while home schooling is the education of the life value. To compare both of them, I think home schooling is more effective than school education. A person who does not have a positive outlook on life, on the world and on value, they will not bring benefit to the society. Even if they have scientific culture, they might bring harm to society. For example, some terrorists have high intelligence and are ability to create missiles, this behavior could harm the safety of society. All in all, I admit home schooling also brings disadvantages. For example, home schooling doesnt have its own organization and financial support. But in many aspects, its merits obviously outweigh its drawbacks.

MIS :: Electronic information

Electronic information is essential to the achievement of government organizational objectives. Its reliability, integrity, and availability are significant concerns in most audits. The use of computer networks, particularly the Internet, is revolutionizing the way government conducts business. While the benefits have been enormous and vast amounts of information are now literally at our fingertips, these interconnections also pose significant risks to computer systems, information, and to the critical operations and infrastructures they support. Infrastructure elements such as telecommunications, power distribution, national defense, law enforcement, and government and emergency services are subject to these risks. The same factors that benefit operationsÂâ€"speed and accessibilityÂâ€"if not properly controlled, can leave them vulnerable to fraud, sabotage, and malicious or mischievous acts. In addition, natural disasters and inadvertent errors by authorized computer users can have devastating consequences if information resources are poorly protected. Recent publicized disruptions caused by virus, worm, and denial of service attacks on both commercial and governmental Web sites illustrate the potential for damage. Computer security is of increasing importance to all levels of government in minimizing the risk of malicious attacks from individuals and groups. These risks include the fraudulent loss or misuse of government resources, unauthorized access to release of sensitive information such as tax and medical records, disruption of critical operations through viruses or hacker attacks, and modification or destruction of data. The risk that information attacks will threaten vital national interests increases with the following developments in information technology: • Monies are increasingly transferred electronically between and among governmental agencies, commercial enterprises, and individuals. • Governments are rapidly expanding their use of electronic commerce. • National defense and intelligence communities increasingly rely on commercially available information technology. • Public utilities and telecommunications increasingly rely on computer systems to manage everyday operations. • More and more sensitive economic and commercial information is exchanged electronically. • Computer systems are rapidly increasing in complexity and interconnectivity. • Easy-to-use hacker tools are readily available, and hacker activity is increasing. • Paper supporting documents are being reduced or eliminated. Each of these factors significantly increases the need for ensuring the privacy, security, and availability of state and local government systems. Although as many as 80 percent of security breaches are probably never reported, the number of reported incidents is growing dramatically. For example, the number of incidents handled by Carnegie-Mellon University's CERT Coordination Center1 has multiplied over 86 times since 1990,2 rising from 252 in 1990 to 21,756 in 2000. Further, the Center has handled over 34,000 incidents during the first three quarters of 2001. Similarly, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reports that its case load of

Eduard Munch :: essays research papers

Eduard Munch (1863-1944) was a Norwegian painter, engraver, and printer. He is often reputed to have been a loner and a misogynist. Many of his works revolve around a motif concerning women and their obscene vulgarity. The two works that will be described here are Vampire (1893) and Jealousy (1896). These two depict women as creatures of temptation, petty provokers of pain, and selfish enslavers of vulnerable men. To just marginally understand Munch’s hatred of women, one must read upon his tragic past. Tuberculosis killed his mother when he was only five years old; it killed his sister, Sophie (whom Munch felt closest to), nine years later. In addition to these tragic events were his unsuccessful love affairs which all together bludgeoned his faith in women. In Vampire, Munch displays a scene in which a woman seems to be embracing a man. She appears to be kissing him on the neck, but the title of the work diminishes that meaning. Although Munch intended the action of the work as just a kiss, he later changed the name to â€Å"Vampire,† possibly to capitalize on the 19th century literary obsession with vampires. The intense switch in meaning plays on the mind of the viewer very curiously. It turns from compassion for the two lovers to sympathy and sorrow for the victimized man. The woman’s red hair becomes almost demonic and the background’s darkness transforms from a sorrow-filled unity between the two figures to a desolate ambiance of confusion. The dark green in the background is tranquil, but the viewer’s knowledge of the situation happening to the vulnerable man leaves the viewer in a state of ambiguity. A peaceful image is portrayed, but the woman is literally sucking the life out of the man. The red hair can be seen as a rainfall of blood emasculating the victim. The man has been deceived into finding love where there is unhappiness. He has found the tortures of being in love. The distorted and tangled strokes in the wh ole work represent the man’s faith in love being distorted and tangled. The strokes can also portray the woman’s deception, which is so fabricated by her â€Å"loving† embrace. Jealousy also carries the tormented-man motif. In this scene, a woman is chatting with and exposing her body to a man as her husband stands by, swallowing his painful jealousy. The husband’s face is close-up and facing the viewer, demonstrating his quiet enragement.

Grandparent raising their grandchildren and the social implication Essay

In American society, grandparent have been involved in the issues of raising their grandchildren in situation where the parent are not available, unwilling or not able to give sufficient care for their children. In other instances grandparent participate in taking care of their grandchildren even if the situation of parent are willing to care for their children. This is due to traditional cultures giving grandparent clear and direct duty for taking care and nurturing of their grandchildren. Traditionally, relationship between grandchildren and grandparent has been a special one but the current trend and growth of grandparent raising and taking care of grandparent has raise questions. In the past three decades, growth of the grandparent has gone beyond the perceived traditional role to social problem attracting researcher to study social implication of their role (Geen & Rob, 2004). A part from the traditional role of grandparent caring for their grandchildren being sentimental, this role in many instances has change to absolute caring and maintaining them. Their relationship has been special but the current trend means grandparent are taking responsibility of raising a second family. In the normal circumstances, children are expected to raised under intact family assume to having presence of both parent living in a favorable conditions. Traditionally, children would visit their grandparent in a situation where they are not living together over the weekends and sent back to their parent after the weekend. This trend has changed as the luxury of sending children to their parent of the weekend has changed to taking absolute care since the parent are unavailable, not able or not in position to take care of their children (Geen & Rob, 2004). Grandparents staying with their grandchildren are expected to take responsibility of raising and maintaining them. This result to social implication as the grandparent get to this role due prevailing circumstance other than something planned. Parenting role requires commitment or devotion as well as employment of financial resources. Roles of taking care of the grandchildren give grandparents massive responsibilities which may translate to emotional straining. The raise in number of families under absolute care of grandparent has increase to a questionable level which is beyond the traditional role. Study on the grandparent raising their grandchildren is important since it may evaluate the cause of the current trends, social implication to the grandparent and grandchildren, measures and solution to be taken. This paper investigates the tread and growth of the grandparent raising their grandchildren, its implication and solution to this problem and the help which can be advanced to this form of parenting (Edwards & Daire 2006). Culturally, nobody plan to raise a second taking all responsibilities which goes with this role. This means that grandparent taking fulltime responsibility of maintaining a grandchild cause to major change in the life of the grandparent (Edwards & Daire 2006). Demands which come with the role of parenting for the second time leads to unplanned struggles resulting to financial, emotional, physical, social and legal challenge not experienced the time when these grandparent were raising their own children. Most of grandparent are always in their old age, â€Å"The census of 1997 indicates that 33% of grandparent caregivers are under the age of 50, 48% are between the ages of 50 and 64, and 19% are over the age of 65† (National Resources Centre for Respite and Crisis Care Services 1998 para. 2). This means that engaging grandparent in raising of their grandchildren results trying to balance between struggling to manage their old age and caring for their grandchildren. Various studies have indicated that there is an increase in the case of grandparent raising their grandchildren. According to Casper and Bryson 2008, United States Bureau of the Census categorizes studies on this subject on five type grandparent maintained families i. e. â€Å"†¦both grandparents, some parents present; both grandparents, no parents present; grandmother only, some parents present; grandmother only, no parents present; and grandfather only present† (Casper and Bryson 2008 para. 1). This categorization is important as it helps to analyze implication since different states leads to different implications. Statistics from U. S. Census Bureau indicates that in 1970 3. 2 percent or 2. 2 million children in United States lived under care of grandparents. Overtime, the proportion of the grandchildren maintained by grandparent has resulted to a drastic increase. 1997 census on this subject indicated that there was an increase from 3. 2 percent in 1970 to 5. 5 percent or from 2. 2 million to 3. 9 million. This represents a 76 percent increase over period of 27 years. According to these statistical this increase was experienced in all in the above mentioned types of the grandparent care. The most notable was 118 percent increase of grandchildren with only mothers under grandparent with grandchildren living with their fathers increased by 217 percent. This change was more notable in 1980s but this further increased in 1990 indicating the greatest increase of children maintained by grandparents. According to Hammond 2002, statistics by American Association of retired Persons on 2000 census indicates that 2. 4 million grandparents are fully in charge of maintaining and solely taking care of their grandchildren. This was a 30 percent of the increase in the in 10 years.

And the mountains echoed by khaled hossieni Essay

This line of the text conveys the central idea of the novel in which the idea of sacrifice has been beautifully portrayed. The author tries to draw our attention towards the agony and misery of the father and brother of Pari who send her away for her better future and also the better future of their family. The story that is told by Abdullah’s father holds a very big significance and is symbolic of the love and affection coupled with deep sense of separation and helplessness. Abdullah’s father makes him aware of the striking reality of their lives through the story and the central idea of the whole story finds its place here. Abdullah who shares a tight bond of love and affection with his sister sacrifices her belongingness for her better future and life of prosperity. Just like Baba Ayub in the story gets separated from his beloved son, Abdullah was also to part with his sister. The journey of Abdullah from Shadbagh to Kabul holds upon him a test; a test to make him strong enough to leave Pari at his Uncle’s place. The Div of the story signifies the difficulties that one has to face in one’s life and once these difficulties are surpassed, there exists satisfaction and peace in one’s mind believing that his loved ones are happy and enjoying their lives to the fullest. Parwana in the story once says â€Å"It had to be her. I am sorry, Abdullah. She had to be the one. † And soon after this the author doesn’t fails to mention â€Å"The finger cut, to save the hand. † Abdullah tries very hard to bring a smile on Pari’s face and feels pleased in even exchanging his shoes for the peacock feather for her sister’s collection. The story in the beginning of the chapter is symbolic of pain and suffering that one experiences, when he has to part with his beloved ones and also signifies that the need of basic amenities is fundamental to the existence of humans. If the much adored ones are to be separated from one self so as to ensure these fundamentals to them then the pain and suffering is nothing at their cost. Journeys depicted in the novel:- The novel involves a lot of journeys that are symbolic of time which passes on covering the darker and the lighter shades of one’s life. This is evident from a line of the story that Baba Ayub tells to both his children â€Å"He walked until the sun was a faint red glow in the distance. Nights he slept in caves as the winds whistled outside. Or else he slept beside rivers and beneath trees and among the cover of boulders. He ate his bread, and then he ate what he could find ¬- wild berries, mushrooms, fish that he caught with his bare hands from streams- and some days he didn’t eat at all. But still he walked† . This he says in context with the fact that one has to face a lot of hardships and difficulties to find his loved ones back and in the end everything is fine to Baba Ayub as he accomplishes his goals and finds his son safe and sound with the Div. Abdullah travels from Shadbagh to Kabul to drop his sister at his uncle’s place and this gives hint to the readers that someday, the time will bridge all the gaps between him and his sister and also the pain and misery will go away. Pari goes away with her ‘Mamman’ and travels a long distance to reach France but the memories of her father fade away gradually with time. Pari loves her brother very much and shares an inseparable bond with him but with the passage of time, she leaves him behind and feels it difficult to remember the lullaby that was sung by him. These journeys also signify the changes that take place in one’s life that makes the individual develop new relationships with people surrounding him and leaves the older ones. NILA: THE SYMBOL OF DYNAMISM Nila or Pari’s ‘Mamman’ is a symbol of dynamism. The author very clearly depicts a contrast between her and the other women of Afghanistan. On one hand he shows Parvana, who wore clothes that cover her body completely and then on the other hand he describes Nila who exposes her legs and hands. For the society Nila is not an ideal woman as her ways are carefree and she is confident and self centered. But the author never fails to point out that she was admired and loved by the Afghani people at the Wahadati’s house because of her poems that were about love, lust and passion. In Nabi’s words â€Å"Nila’s poems defied tradition. They followed no preset meter or rhythmic pattern. † Nabi used to be pleased to spend time with her and this, the author mentions in the line â€Å"I was happy enough to be the vessel into which she poured her stories. † Nila was such a charming lady that no one could remove their eyes from her and she was always talked about in public. This shows the development and change in the mindset of the people in Afghanistan. Desires Couples with Suffering: The story of Roshi depicts a clear example of desired coupled with suffering. At one point the character of Chacha Idris is brought about as a savior but the author never drifts away from the realities of life and explicitly explains how desires of Roshi later turn into suffering. The bond of love between them though is never shaken. The promise that he makes to her is out of the bond of love but when he moves to his own life, he couldn’t keep his promise as the situations of his personal life coil up around him. THE MOUNTAINS ECHOED:- They are symbolic of the give and take relationships prevalent in the present world. The echoing in the mountains signifies that whatever may any individual does or receives is an outcome of his deeds that he has already done in the past. The echoing mountains also signify the nature of love and hatred that is; the more you give the exponential you receive. The echo from the mountains also signifies the memories of man that are lost in the conditions of life and as the time passes they become fainter and fainter. THE MUD HOUSES:- These are symbolic of the hard work and toil of people in Afghanistan, who in order to earn their daily ‘Naan’ have to do a lot of work. In winters the mud houses are the only shelter to poor and in the summers they are the only medium of defense from the scorching sunrays. People at Shadbagh were very laborious and so was Abdullah’s father who once said to Mullah Shekib â€Å"If I had been born an animal, Mullah Sahib, I swear I would have come out a mule† . Abdullah’s father had taught him how to make bricks and they had made bricks for a mosque in other town. The author has very well brought the idea of presence of a web of right and wrong in which every individual is coiled. He has very aptly explained the fact that mere existence of humans is based on the society and this society is the one which recognizes the powerful people as their leaders and the poor as the ones who strive for their livelihood. The helpless have to do away with their loved ones and ensure their safety and this is the fault of the society that it overlooks such sufferings of the people. Why a father had to leave her daughter at her uncle’s house? This was because he knew that his daughter would be safe with those rich people who were respected by the society and had a position. But the author is concerned about the emotions of the children who are parted at a very young age, also he is concerned about the inner voice of the father who wants to find his child, also the affection of Roshi with Chacha Idris and Pari with her father and mother; and so the author gives a small Rumi poem at the starting of the novel: â€Å"Out beyond ideas of wrongdoing and rightdoing, there is a field. I’ll meet you there. † With this poem the author conveys the emotions of every individual of the society who sometime or the other wants to leave all the complexities of his life and reach the level where no situations of helplessness and sorrow would bind him and he would not have to make any sacrifices to live his life. The author through the stories of Parwana and Masooma brings about the idea of complexity and jealousy that come in the lives of two twin sisters who were treated differently by the society due to their behavior that the society has divided into good or bad. Parwana also wanted to share the pure feeling of love with her sister but could not do so because the society had created a rift between the two. Gholam and Adel who belonged to strikingly different backgrounds used to meet secretly because the friendship between the rich and poor or high status people with low status people was not recognized as good by the society and this poem by Rumi fits in here as well.